EP 08

The Journalist Watched by the State

In the second episode of the Protagonista podcast series, Hungarian investigative journalist Szabolcs Panyi returns to the moment he discovered he was one of the targets of surveillance by the spyware Pegasus. He describes what it is like to discover one's name in a database alongside mobsters, politicians, and other journalists, and what happens when the state begins using military tools against its own reporters.
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About the Episode

"I felt pride, shame, shock. But above all, adrenaline. And in a certain twisted sense, even a feeling of happiness," he says.
In an interview with Pavla Holcová, the editor-in-chief of investigace.cz, he speaks about his journalistic beginnings, as well as the major cases linked to corruption and Russian influence that he has worked on. He talks about how an academic, who originally wanted to focus on antisemitism in literature, became a reporter facing surveillance, disinformation, and attempts at discreditation.
You will learn what the life of a person looks like who knows that his communication is being wiretapped, that he is being watched during meetings with sources—and yet refuses to be broken. "The most important thing is not to go crazy. If you lose a cool head, you become a bad journalist—and you can't afford that," he says with a certain bitterness and slight humor.
This episode is a raw testimony about fear, anger, determination, and professional obsession. It is about what happens when an investigative journalist encounters a system that is democratic in name only.


Pavla Holcova
HOST

Pavla Holcová

Pavla Holcová is an investigative journalist and the regional editor for Central Europe at OCCRP. Based in Prague, she founded investigace.cz and has contributed to high-profile investigations such as the Panama Papers and the Pegasus Project. Alongside her colleague Ján Kuciak, she exposed ties between Slovak politicians and the Italian mafia. Following the murder of her colleague, Ján Kuciak, she continued his work, contributing to an investigation that profoundly destabilised the Slovak political landscape. She is the recipient of the ICFJ Knight Award, the Allard Prize, and the Anthony Lewis Prize. In 2024-25 she was a John S. Knight Fellow at Stanford.
Szabolcs Panyi
guest

Szabolcs Panyi

Szabolcs Panyi is a Hungarian journalist at Direkt36 and editor ofVSquare.org. His reporting focuses on corruption, surveillance, and foreign interference. As part of the Pegasus Project, he revealed the abuse of spyware in Hungary—where he himself was among the surveillance targets. A recipient of the Free Media Award, he has won Hungary’s premier investigative journalism prize five times.

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